Day Two

Competing Reactions
Understanding competing reactions is key to understanding process yield (selectivity). This module discusses the some factors influencing selectivity, including catalysis, pre-reaction equilibria and reactor configuration. Simple methods for optimising reaction pH in aqueous systems are described.

Phase Equilibria and Species Distribution in Reaction and Workup
Many reactions and most work-up processes involve more than one phase. Simple partitioning and partitioning coupled to ionisation processes in one phase are presented. The relevance to phase-transfer catalysis is discussed.

Solvent Effects on Reaction Rates and Selectivity
This module seeks to introduce the fundamental science behind solvent selection, and to apply these principles to practical problems.

Dispersion and Mixing in Two-Phase Systems
Explains the principles behind mixing and separation in two-phase systems, and illustrates good laboratory and scale-up practice. Discusses phase continuity and phase separation. Shows how to ensure that your washes actually separate!